Microorganism Assisted Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles

Synthesis of Gold nanoparticles has gained interest of many researchers in the field of application research. A number of chemical and physical methods for the synthesis of Nanoparticles have been used traditionally. But, owing to the disadvantages these methods have, there has been a shift from physical and chemical methods to the biological methods involving various strains of microorganisms. This has been proved a promising approach as the nanoparticles produce are cost and energy-efficient manner; also they are non-toxic and can be used in the clinical fields as well. There are certain enzymes present in a few microorganisms like Yeast, Algae, Bacteria, Fungi, etc. which reduces the Au+ ion to its corresponding nanoparticles. This paper provides a brief overview of the biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using various microorganisms. This includes the methods used and discussion about the shortcomings as well as the future prospects of using Gold colloids in various medical fields. The toxicity aspect which is the grave concern related to metal nanoparticles worldwide has also been covered so as to provide the readers with valuable information regarding nanoparticles synthesis and applications.

The study advocated the use of Microorganisms (Algae, Fungi, and Bacteria) as an alternative of various other physical and chemical procedures for the biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles. The enzymes produced by various microorganisms through their metabolic activities acts as reducing agents which act as reducing agents reducing the gold ions to their corresponding Gold Colloids of different shapes, sizes and compositions. Because of this property, no external reducing agent is required which makes the GNPs thus formed safer to be used in clinical fields. Moreover, the proteins synthesized by microorganisms stabilize the NPs which is an added advantage. These organisms may form NPs either intracellular or extracellular. NPs obtained through extracellular synthesis are more pure as they are devoid of any cellular protein and their isolation is also easier by the filtration process of cell-free filtrate.

Contrasted with the bacterial fermentations, Contrasted with bacterial maturations, in which the procedure innovation includes the utilization of advanced equipment’s for getting clear filtrates from the colloidal stocks, fungal stocks can be effortlessly separated by filter press of comparative basic equipment’s, in this way sparing significant speculation costs for equipment’s. The characteristic of high amounts of protein formation, other than their eukaryotic nature has made fungi as most loved hosts for heterologous articulation of high-esteem mammalian protein for assembling by fermentation. Further, contrasted with microscopic organisms; fungi and actinomycetes are known to emit considerably higher measures of proteins, subsequently essentially expanding the profitability of this biosynthetic approach.

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Annie Grace Sarah

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Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences